Title Control of ciliary beating by neurotransmitters in sea urchin
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Modification of ciliary beating in sea urchin larvae induced by neurotransmitters: beat-plane rotation and control of frequency fluctuation
The modification of ciliary beating by neurotransmitters in sea urchin larvae at the four-armed pluteus stage was analyzed in terms of the direction of beating and fluctuation in the beat period. Application of dopamine to Pseudocentrotus depressus causes the cilia to turn their beat plane but retain its characteristic planar feature up to the complete 'reversal' of the beat direction. This new...
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